OSA: Growth of nation, Industralisation, Population and Housing

To what extent did provision of incentives to foreign investors help Singapore to industrialise in the 1960s? Explain your answer. [12]

Level 1
Writes about the factor but without focus on the question
1m for each detail, to a maximum of 2m

Level 2
Describes the given factor OR/AND Disagrees and identifies other factors

E.g.
Agrees, identifies and describes the given factor

OR

Disagrees, identifies & describes other factors



Level 3

Explains the given factor OR other factors.
Award 4m for an explanation of how the given factor was important and an additional mark for each supporting detail, to a maximum of 6m.

E.g.
Yes, incentives such as Pioneer Certificates encouraged foreign investors from Japan, W Europe & America to set up factories in Singapore. Pioneer industries were exempted form the standard 40% tax.

Others: training subsidies & duty-free imports of equipment & raw materials needed for manufacturing

OR

No, there were other reasons.

E.g. Industrial Peace
Many factories and shops could not operate because the workers went on strike. As a result, the production of goods and services was disrupted. An end to work stoppages would encourage new companies to set up factories in Singapore and help Singapore to industrialise quickly.

E.g. Technical Education & Skills training
To ensure an adequate supply of trained workers to meet the needs of rapid industrialization, technical education was introduced to meet the needs of rapid industrialization in 1969. Boys and girls took up subjects related to technical studies.

Award 4m for an explanation of an alternative reason and additional mark for each supporting detail to a max of 6m.

(Do not award 6m unless more than 1 reason is dealt with.)




Level 4

Both elements of L3



Level 5

L4 + discusses the relative importance of the different factors.

Incentives to foreign investors are more important than industrial peace and skills
training because they ensure that it is profitable to set up businesses here. Industrial peace and skills are less important as they are only relevant when the foreign companies are already set up here.


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“Research and Development (R&D) is best for Industrial Restructuring in the 1970s.” How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [13]

Level 1
Writes about the topic but without focus on the question.


Level 2

Agrees or Disagree + Identifies reasons.

Award 3m for describing 1 given factor.

Award 4m for describing both given factors, and an additional mark for further details on either factor, to a maximum of 5m.

E.g.
Yes or No, about R & D.

Level 3

Agrees or Disagrees + Identifies reasons.

R & D is best as it helps Singapore to remain competitive.

OR

No, New & better support facilities helped Singapore remain competitive.

Level 4

Explains reason for Agreement OR Disagreement.

Award 6m for an explanation of the given factor and an additional mark for any supporting detail, to a maximum of 8m.

E.g.

Yes

R & D is best as it helps Singapore to remain competitive in the 1970s. Its manufacturing industry must be capable of improving existing products & developing new ones. This is achieved through R & D in some areas like electronics, computer hardware & software and chemicals.

OR

No

New & better support facilities help Singapore remain competitive. The Loyang Industrial Park, situated near the Changi Airport is Singapore first aviation centre. It also an engineering & manufacturing base to support offshore oil & mineral exploration. JTC upgrades the building & infrastructure in older industrial estates to create a more pleasant environment. Different types of high-technology industrial parks consisting of industrial, commercial & office facilities are built. Firms will be able to carry out R & D, manufacturing, selling & distribution of manufactured goods.

Others:
Higher wages
Productivity campaigns
Better support facilities


Level 5
Both aspects of L4
Award 9m for an explanation of given factor AND other factors and an additional mark for any supporting detail, to a maximum of 11m.


Level 5
Reaches a balanced conclusion based on explanation of factors in L4.
E.g.

Weigh the factors by explaining which factor is stronger than the other based on impact.

In conclusion, R & D is more important than New & Better Industrial Facilities as more new products and improvements can come about can bring better benefits and profits for Singapore to stay competitive. Industrial facilities will come in handy only when there is R & D to ensure they stay competitive here.